What best describes hypervigilance?

Hypervigilance is characterized by an elevated state of alertness where an individual is excessively aware of their surroundings and potential threats. This heightened state is often driven by a focus on safety and the anticipation of danger, making it a protective mechanism in response to past traumatic experiences or ongoing stressors. When someone is hypervigilant, their mind is constantly scanning for potential threats, which can lead to a distorted perception of reality, including seeing danger where there may be none.

The correct choice reflects this understanding of hypervigilance as it encapsulates both the heightened alertness and the threat-based perspective inherent in this condition. It’s important to note that while this state may seem advantageous for situational awareness, it can also lead to negative consequences such as heightened anxiety and stress levels over time.

In contrast, the other options describe states that do not align with the definition of hypervigilance. Increased physical relaxation and calm and collected behavior suggest a state of tranquility and reassurance, which is opposite to the tension and readiness associated with hypervigilance. Similarly, reduced anxiety directly contradicts the typical experience of individuals who are hypervigilant, as they often experience heightened anxiety due to their relentless monitoring of their environment.